Ok the sets are natural numbers (or counting numbers), this is like 1,2,3,4,5 etc
whole numbers, this is including 0, so 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 etc
integers, this includes the previoius set and negatives, so -3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5 etc
rational numbers, this is the set of numbers that can be written in form a/b where b≠0, so all integers can be written like this, like example -3=-3/1, so -7/9 belongs here
When graphing, you take the opposite if there is a number in the absolute value bars. If there is, then you will be going towards the x axis. If there is a number outside of the absolute value bars, assume that this will be the y axis