The final fall of the Byzantine Empire was caused by attacks from the Ottomans.
The Byzantine Empire fell, and Islam spread into Eastern Europe. The Byzantine Empire fell in 1453. The main reason of its fall was a significant number of attacks made by the Ottoman Turks. In 1454, Constantinople finally surrendered to them.
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They established a clear portrayal of political power. They allowed a firm foundation of governing principles. They allowed all people an equal voice in government.
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Benefit: The Romans introduced the sakia 2,300 years ago and they are still used today to raise water from underground wells. Some farmers now use electrical pumps to take water from the Nile onto farmland. Crops grown along the Nile and fish caught in the river provide food for the people of Egypt.
Threat: Despite its importance, the Nile is still heavily polluted in Egypt by waste water and rubbish poured directly into it, as well as agricultural runoff and industrial waste, with consequences for biodiversity, especially fishing and human health.