Answer:
the first stage of succession involves pioneer species
Explanation:
in primary succession, primary plants are those that can grow without soil, such as lichens.
Primary succession begins with soil formation. The first stage of succession involves pioneer species. In primary succession, pioneer plants are those that can grow without soil, such as lichens. Lichens begin breaking down a rock.
abiotic-water
biotic-ocean currents
I believe so.
the wavelength of infrared is larger than the ultraviolet and all frequency is smaller.