Answer:
When the Supreme Court rules on a constitutional issue, that judgment is virtually final; its decisions can be altered only by the rarely used procedure of constitutional amendment or by a new ruling of the Court. However, when the Court interprets a statute, new legislative action can be taken.
Explanation:
Answer:
The correct answer is A. The Bretton Woods system ended in 1971.
Explanation:
The Bretton Woods system was a fixed exchange rate system in which the exchange rate for countries' currencies against the US dollar was fixed. From 1945 to 1971, it regulated exchange rates for member countries of the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
In July 1944, an international conference was held in the small town of Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, with participants from 44 nations. It was decided to set up the International Monetary Fund and the Bretton Woods system, the latter being used until the early 1970s.
The agreement meant that the member countries joined a fixed exchange rate system, which set the exchange rate for the country's currency against the US dollar. Instead, the US guaranteed a fixed redemption price of the dollar in gold. Exchange rate changes were made only to adjust for "basic imbalances" in the balance of payments. In practice, the agreement meant an end to repeated and drastic devaluations of local currencies in search of competitiveness in the export market. Earlier currency restrictions could also be lifted, with the result that international trade could increase.
The system was aborted in 1971, when the United States decided to no longer guarantee the dollar value with a fixed redemption price in gold, called the "Nixon shock". By then, the United States had already let the dollar exchange rate float in 1968. The reasons were, among other things, in the extremely costly Vietnam War for the United States. The result was that other currencies with previously fixed exchange rates also floated. The Bretton Woods system formally ceased in 1973, after vain attempts to stabilize key currencies.
The raid on Harper's Ferry was an intent by John Brown, who was an abolitionist, to initiate a slave revolt in 1859 by taking control on the federal arsenal located in Harper's Ferry, Virginia.
The two groups that were outside the arsenal were:
- <em>John Brown's "group of 22"</em>. This group of men was supposed to be supported abolitionists Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass. However, none of them showed up in the scene, as Tubman fell ill and Douglass was doubtful of a victory.
- <em>A group of US Marines</em> led by Colonel Robert E. Lee.
The attempt was unsuccessful, resulting in the defeat of Brown's group by the US Marines.
It was xoined by Winston Churchill who described the Berlin wall that seperated east germany from west germany not allowing any citizen in the communist countires to escape and leave their tyrannical overlords for the free west.
True i believe. not for sure
