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Answer:
The Holy Roman Empire faced many territorial challenges.
Explanation:
The first challenge was in Italy: the Italian states that were part of the Holy Roman Empire were separated from the German hinterland by the Alps, which imposed a communication barrier that made it very difficult for Emperors to hold control over these lands.
In what is now Germany, there were also territorial issues. The land was divided among countless states: duchies, counties, princedoms, fiefdoms, city-states, and so on, something that made coordination at the imperial level very difficult.
As centuries passed, the Holy Roman Empire lost control over several possessions: it lost most of the Low Countries, and the Italian city-states like the Duchy of Milan and the Republic of Venice became fully independent.
Hello there!! Here is your answer: The Wars of religion were a series of religious wars which were waged in Europe in the 16th, 17th and early 18th centuries. The wars, which were fought after the Protestant Reformation began in 1517, disrupted the religious and political order in the Catholic countries of Europe. However, religion was not the only cause of the wars, which also included revolts, territorial ambitions, and Great Power conflicts. For example, by the end of the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), Catholic France was allied with the Protestant forces against the Catholic Habsburg monarchy. The wars were largely ended by the Peace of Westphalia (1648), establishing a new political order that is now known as Westphalian sovereignty.
The conflicts began with the minor Knights' Revolt (1522), followed by the larger German Peasants' War (1524–1525) in the Holy Roman Empire. Warfare intensified after the Catholic Church began the Counter-Reformation in 1545 against the growth of Protestantism. The conflicts culminated in the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), which devastated Germany and killed one-third of its population. The Peace of Westphalia (1648) put an end to the war by recognising three separate Christian traditions in the Holy Roman Empire: Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism, and Calvinism.[4][5] Although many European leaders were "sickened" by the bloodshed by 1648,[6] religious wars continued to be waged in the post-Westphalian period until the 1710s, including the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639–1651) on the British Isles, the Savoyard–Waldensian wars (1655–1690), and the Toggenburg War (1712) in the Western Alps. Popular memory of the wars lasted even longer. =THIS INFORMATION IS FOUND FROM WIKIPEDIA=
Answer: President Martin van Buren
Explanation: President Martin van Buren refrained from annexing Texas after the Mexicans threatened war.
90 is going to be your answer
