When a pathogen comes in contact with your body, it has to breach the first line of defense to get inside. Your skin and mucus membranes are the main barrier here. Mucus traps the pathogens, and then is forced out of your body when you cough or blow your nose. Your skin also secretes chemicals that have antiviral properties, killing viruses on contact. If the pathogens get through that defense, the next line is non-specific immunity cells that patrol your tissues engulfing pathogens. There are other cells that do this, like macrophages, but the dendritic cells are most important for activating the third line of defense in your body.
Dendritic cells reside in your tissues, waiting for an invader to arrive. When they do find one, they engulf it and digest it. After they do this, they select pieces of the invader called antigens and put them on their surfaces. The dendritic cells migrate back to lymph nodes, key locations in your body filled with immune cells. There, they show the antigens, called antigen presentation, to two types of lymphocytes, T-cells and B-cells, activating them for a full immune response.
Answer:
Option B
Explanation:
Flight-or-flight response is a response or physiological reaction towards external stimuli. Systematic desensitization is a methodology to control anxiety during speech. Hence, these two are not relaxation techniques. Transforming novelty into familiarity is also a methodology to remain prepared during a speech by practicing it well. Visualization is a technique that helps our mind to relax by using imagination to reach a relaxed state of mind.
Hence, option B is correct
The answer is B It must be testable.
Answer: The FDA and USDA cerate food safety programs, safeguards to protect Americans, to protect people from unsafe food. The FDA has monitoring programs for pathogens, naturaltoxins, pesticides, etc.; their methods are science-based.
Hey there mate!
Based on my information to this, I believe sense (it would be a closed system), this would most likely be considered to be (equal to) the total energy after.
But, if it was not a (closed system), it would not be unrelated because the energetic system would not be that greatly increased.
So, it really depends whether the system closes up, or whether it would be free of energy.
So, in this case, your correct option to this answer would be (option A).
<span>In a closed system, the total energy prior to an energy transformation is unrelated to the total energy after.
I hope this helps you!</span>
