explorers are just looking around. conquistadors are trying to take the land
The answer is d) a sense of alienation
In the eighth century, Frankish leader Charles Martel stopped the advance of Muslims from Spain into France, thus, impacting the Christian Europe's relations with Muslim Spain as well as impacting the Islamic expansion.
The answer is Oregon. This is solidified through the treaty called the Treaty of Oregon. In this treaty, the US and the British government had created a boundary to stop states to fight over their territories. The treaty had stated that Oregon county is a joint territory between the US and the British government.
Since the electoral college is a college of politicians whose job it is to know everyone and everything, we give them our votes and they vote for who should be the president. Therefore, you don't have to know who the president is, but if you give your vote to the elector then they will give it to who they know is about the ideas that you voted for. Nowadays it is much more complicated due to the scale of it all.