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According to the history and physical examination of the patient, the patient may have a upper gastrointestinal bleed most probably from a bleeding peptic ulcer. A bleeding peptic ulcer can cause abdominal pain and vomiting described as coffee ground vomit because of the reaction of the blood with the stomach acids. The patient's vital signs signify that the patient is in the state of hypovolemic shock. The emergency medicine consultant should use an oxygen mask with caution because additional vomiting episodes may recur and if the patient is wearing an oxygen mask, the vomit cannot be cleared thoroughly and may even cause aspiration.
Treatment
Meningitis is an infection of the membranes, meninges that surrounds and protects the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). Bacterial meningitis must be treated immediately with intravenous antibiotics and sometimes corticosteroids and, of course, the antibiotic depends on the type of bacteria causing the infection.
Prevention
First of all, to prevent the spread of bacterial meningitis it is important to practice good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing. Since the factors that increase the risk include spending time in communities (school, campus or college) because it spreads easily, children should be aware and vaccinated. As several types of bacteria can cause bacterial meningitis, a range of vaccines is wide (e.g. meningococcal vaccine, Hib vaccine).
please write the statements to get help
Answer:
Mutations leading to the better attachement of virus to the host cell would allow the virus to spread the infection and leave more progeny. The reproductive fitness of mutant viruses would allow the mutation to spread.
Explanation:
1. The organisms with same resource requirement compete with each other. Viruses are not living things but once inside the host cell, they behave like living things. Rapid multiplication of virus overpopulate the host cells.
2. Genetic variations are added to the viral progeny by random errors during replication of the viral genome. These random variations may impart beneficial trait, harmful feature or remain neutral. If a random mutation in the SARS-CoV2 virus allows it to adhere better to the cells of the respiratory system, the virus would be better able to infect these cells to spread the infection. Once inside the host cells, the mutant virus would leave more progeny. On the other hand, the wild type virus that lack this mutation would have lesser chances of entering the host cells and may or may not replicate.
3. The progeny of the mutant virus would compete better with the non mutant ones due to the presence of same mutation.
4. Differential reproduction and more progeny of the mutant virus would spread the mutation among the virus.
