Answer:
A Punnett square is a diagram used to determine the statistical likelihood of each possible genotype of the offspring of two parents for a given trait or traits. Reginald Punnett was applying the laws of probability to work pioneered by Gregor Mendel in the mid-1800s.
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Answer:
Explanation:
The cell membrane separates the cell from the outer environment. The extracellular fluid contains the sodium ions (Na+), chloride ions (Cl-), while intracellular fluid contains potassium (K +) and negative anions.
The potential difference arises when the membrane is selectively permeable to some ions. The resting potential is -70mV.
When the neurons get excited, the sodium ions start to enter by sodium channels.
Now there are more positive ions inside the cell membrane. It disturbs the resting potential i.e. -70mV. This stage is known as depolarization.
When the inside environment of the cell is more positively charged, the potassium ions start to move out of the cell. It goes out by the voltage-gated channels. Thus resting stage is maintained and it is known as repolarization.
But the initial stability of the cell membrane has to be maintained. To restore the resting stage, the sodium ions start to move out of the membrane and potassium ions enter into the cells again. This is an active transport and has done by the Na+ - K+ pump. Here 3 sodium ions move out and 2 potassium ions pumped into the cell through the plasma membrane.
Thus the resting potential regains. The potassium ions come back into the cells against the concentration gradient and ATP provides the energy for this phenomena.
From within the Moon's penumbra, a partial solar eclipse can be seen. Like any other opaque objects illuminated by a light source, the Moon and the Earth cast shadows into space as they block the sunlight that hits them. Each shadow has 3 different areas: the umbra, the penumbra, and the antumbra.
Answer:
Pollination
Explanation: If you have ever seen bee movie, you know that pollen is the most essential ingredient to flowers, which is transported and spread by bee's. if there were no more bees, there would be no way to pollinate the flowers, causing them to wither and die. Fortunately, there are other pollinators, but bees are one of the most important.
