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timofeeve [1]
3 years ago
15

When economists think about market structures, they include market structures like pure monopoly and pure competition that are v

ery rare in the real world. Why do economists spend time thinking about conditions that almost never exist?
Business
1 answer:
Kisachek [45]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

As explained below.

Explanation:

  • Asan economist the market is characterized by the interplay of 4 major fields like the Oligopoly, Monopoly, Perfect competition, Monopolistic competition. <u>Thus these structures were given by Adam Smith and his fellow Karl Marx. </u>
  • As an economist, he emphasized the laissez-faire model that is hard to find operating in a market as of the existence in 20 and the 21st century. The presence of the monopolistic competition which is a type of imperfect competition is that many producers sell or services that are different nature without carrying for the prices.
  • The oligopoly structure is either run by duopoly or monopoly or by the Ologospony which represents the market by many sellers but the demands of the few buyers.
  • The presence of perfect competition creates certain barriers ronery of the producers and consumers. However, these all tend to differ from the natural monopoly of one provider of a group of series meeting the one market.  
  • Hence certain market structures are related to the pecking and competitiveness in the market domain thus economists have o study them is greater depths.
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<em>Andrew Industries is contemplating issuing a 30​-year bond with a coupon rate of 7.13% ​(annual coupon​ payments) and a face value of $1,000. Andrew believes it can get a rating of A from Standard​& Poor's.​ However, due to recent financial difficulties at the​ company, Standard​ & Poor's is warning that it may downgrade Andrew​ Industries' bonds to BBB. Yields on​ A-rated, long-term bonds are currently 6.43%​, and yields on​ BBB-rated bonds are 6.84%. </em>

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0.0643 = {71.30 + [(1,000 - M)/30]}/ [(1,000 + M)/2]

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b. What will be the price of the bond if it is​ downgraded?

if the YTM is 6.84%, then the market price will be:

0.0684 = {71.30 + [(1,000 - M)/30]}/ [(1,000 + M)/2]

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