Nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are the four major types of biomolecules that form all living things. These biomolecules consists of monomers linked together by covalent bonds to form polymers.
- Nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids can be classified according to their basic elements, monomer constituents, and functions.
Basic elements:
- Nucleic acids: Hydrogen (H); Carbon (C); Oxygen (O); Nitrogen (N); Phosphorous (P)
- Proteins: Hydrogen (H); Carbon (C); Oxygen (O); Nitrogen (N); Sulfur (Z)
- Carbohydrates: Hydrogen (H); Carbon (C); Oxygen (O)
- Lipids: Hydrogen (H); Carbon (C); Oxygen (O); Phosphorous (P)
Monomer constituents:
- Nucleic acids: nucleotides
- Proteins: amino acids
- Carbohydrates: monosaccharides
- Lipids: fatty acids and glycerol
Functions:
- Nucleic acids: contains the hereditary information to synthesize proteins
- Proteins: regulate metabolic processes (enzymes), the main biomolecule of cellular structures
- Carbohydrates: store energy (short term); form cellular structures
- Lipids: store energy (long term); the main component of biological membranes
Examples:
- Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA
- Proteins: lactase; collagen
- Carbohydrates: starch (polysaccharide); glucose (monosacharide)
- Lipids: phospholipids; cholesterol
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Answer:
Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotic cells compartmentalize various metabolic processes inside membrane-bound organelles. For example, the breakdown of certain food molecules to provide energy takes place in the mitochondrion, and photosynthesis takes place in a chloroplast.
Our bodies produce an enzyme called lactase. This enzyme helps our bodies digest lactose (a sugar found in milk). As we age, the amount of lactase our bodies produce decreases. Some people don’t produce as much as others. If you are lactose intolerant, it means your body doesn’t produce a lot of lactase. One option is to drink milk with lactase added to it.
Example: Lactaid
Answer:
S-Phase
Explanation:
S-Phase is when DNA synthesis/DNA Replication occurs
