Answer:
Individual Population Community Ecosystem
Explanation:
Individuals make up a population; populations make up a species; multiple species and their interactions make up a community; and multiple species and their interactions make up ecosystems when you include the abiotic factors.
A microbiologist was surprised when he could not recover Helicobacter pylori from gastric biopsies in which organisms were seen in the tissue sections. He was advised to switch from the Campy BAP selective medium to Skirrow's blood agar because the latter is free of cephalothin.
- A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic called cephalothin is used to treat severe bacterial infections in the urinary tract, skin, bones, and lower respiratory tract.
- A beta-lactam, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity, cephalothin is semi-synthetic.
- Penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall are bound by cephalothin and rendered inactive.
- PBPs take involvement in the last phases of bacterial cell wall construction as well as the remodeling of the cell wall during cell division.
- PBP inactivation hinders the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains, which is essential for the strength and stiffness of bacterial cell walls.
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Answer:
Explanation:
Normally, under anaerobic condition in yeast, pyruvate produced from glycolysis leads to the production of ethanol as shown below.
pyruvate ⇒ acetaldehyde + NADH ⇒ ethanol + NAD
The pyruvate is converted to acetaldehyde by the enzyme, pyruvate decarboxylase. It should be NOTED that carbon dioxide is released in this step. The acetaldehyde produced in the "first step" is then converted to ethanol by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. It must be noted from the above that the steps are irreversible.
If a mutated strain of yeast is unique because it does not produce alcohol and lactic acid (which is referred to as toxic acid in the question); thus having a high level of pyruvate because of the presence of a novel enzyme. <u>The function of this novel enzyme will most likely be the conversion of acetaldehyde in the presence of carbondioxide back to pyruvate; thus making that step reversible</u>. This could be a possible explanation for the high level of pyruvate present in the yeast.
Answer:
Some examples of primary succession include the formation of a new ecosystem after a volcano, glacier outbursts, or a nuclear explosion. Some examples of secondary succession include succession after a fire, harvesting, logging, or abandonment of land, or the renewal after a disease outbreak.
Explanation:
