Vanilla, saffron, patchouli. For centuries, spices and flavorings like these have come from exotic plants growing in remote places like the jungles of Mexico or the terraced hillsides of Madagascar. Some were highly prized along ancient trading routes like the Silk Road.
Now a powerful form of genetic engineering could revolutionize the production of some of the most sought-after flavors and fragrances. Rather than being extracted from plants, they are being made by genetically modified yeast or other micro-organisms cultured in huge industrial vats.
Answer:
The mitochondria are called the powerhouses of the cell, where ATP is produced. It is composed of an inner membrane called cristae, and an outer membrane that covers the organelle.
The cell wall is a rigid structure made from(in the case of plant cells rather than bacteria or fungi) cellulose and other rigid fibers.
The cell membrane is a fluid, thinner structure made up of a double layer of phospholipids which are comprised of the hydrophilic heads facing outwards and hydrophobic tails facing toward each other in the layer.
The nucleus has protons, and neutrons that are contained within it, and electrons around it.
Explanation:
That is an example of thermal energy which was passed on by conduction.
In the simplest sense, expressing a gene means manufacturing its corresponding protein, and this multilayered process has two major steps. In the first step, the information in DNA is transferred to a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule by way of a process called transcription.
