Answer: Option D.
Less; at the earliest possible stage.
Explanation:
Protein synthesis refers to the process in which living cells can produce proteins
This occur in two stages;
Transcription and translation.
Transcription refers to transfer of DNA genetic instructional to MRNA in the nucleus of cells.
Translation, after DNA has been transcribed to MRNA, it is then translated to DNA.
When cells intervene in protein synthesis, less energy is used and the cells will regulate the protein synthesis at the earliest possible stage.
The correct answer is I, II and III.
A phagocytic cell of a vertebrate organism is a critical component of the immune system. Its main action is to engulf and ingest foreign and possibly harmful particles, bacteria and dead or dying cells.
There are many different types of phagocytes and some of these include the macrophages, the neutrophils, and the dendritic cells.
The macrophages are phagocytic cells which can exit the bloodstream and detect pathogens outside the circulatory system.
Neutrophils contain toxic granules which can kill pathogens only by contact. Dendritic cells are located in the parts of the body which can easily be infected and can act as messengers who warn the body of threats. They do so by sending antigens as messages.
The major purpose of the cell membrane is to regulate the types of substances that enter the cells and leave the cell, thus, it is a semi permeable structure.
The structure of the cell membrane help the cell in regulating the amount of the water inside the cell because, when the optimum amount of water is inside the cell, the membrane will not allow the pasage of water molecules into the cell again.
And in a situation, where the concentration of substance inside the cell is above the normal concentration, the cell membrane will allow the required amount of water to flow into the cell in order to reduce the concentration.
Also, the phospholipid bilayers that are found in the cell membrane help to regulate water homeostasis of the cell by using its hydrophobic tail to repel water molecules and thus keep them out or inside of the cells.
