Unicellular organism ...................................................................................................
Answer:
The gene for human insulin is inserted into the gap in the plasmid. this is done through the use of restriction enzymes and ligase to insert and close the plasmid. This plasmid is now genetically modified. The genetically modified plasmid is introduced into a new bacteria or yeast cell. The more the cells divide, the more insulin is produced as bacteria divides into two identical daughter cells like in mitosis.
Explanation:
Answer:
A. The spleen filters pathogens from blood
Explanation:
-The spleen is sometimes called the “filter of the blood”
-It works closely with the circulatory system for transportation needs and the lymphatic system for production of lymphocytes.
These genes could have arisen by gene duplication.
<h3>What is gene duplication?</h3>
Gene duplication is the process of copying a section of DNA that codes for a gene. A retro transposition event or a recombination mistake are both potential causes of gene duplication. As a result, the duplicate gene coding may experience a significant number of modifications throughout time. This might prevent the gene from functioning or, in other situations, give the creature a benefit.
Gene duplication is a phenomenon that can happen through a variety of ways:
- Ectopic Recombination: Uneven crossing-over between misaligned homologous chromosomes during meiosis might result in duplications. A duplication at the exchange site and a reciprocal deletion are the results of this recombination.
- Replication Slippage: Short genomic sequences can be duplicated as a result of the replication error known as replication slippage. DNA polymerase starts copying the DNA during replication, but eventually the polymerase separates from the DNA, causing replication to stall. The replicating strand is incorrectly aligned when the polymerase reattaches to the DNA strand, which accidentally results in several copies of the same portion.
- Aneuploidy: When a single chromosome's nondisjunction causes an abnormally high number of chromosomes, this condition is known as aneuploidy. Aneuploidy is frequently damaging and frequently causes spontaneous miscarriages in mammals. Some aneuploid people can survive. For instance, human trisomy 21 causes Down syndrome but is not lethal.
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(A nebula)
is a cloud of gas (hydrogen) and dust in space. Nebulae are the birthplace biths. There are different types of nebula. An Emission Nebubla such as Orion nebula, glows brightly because the gas in it is energised by the stars that have already formed within it.
(A star)
is a luminous globe of gas producing its own heat and light by nuclear reactions (nuclear fusion). They are born from nebulae and consist mostly of hydrogen and helium gas.
(red giant)
This is a large bright star with a cool surface. It is formed during the later stages of the evolution of a star like the Sun, as it runs
out of hydrogen fuel at its centre.
(red dwarf)
These are very cool, faint and small stars, approximately one tenth the mass and diameter of the Sun. They burn very slowly and have estimated lifetimes of 100 billion years.
(white dwarf)
This is very small, hot star, the last stage in the life cycle of a star like the Sun. White dwarfs have a mass similar to that of the Sun, but only 1% of the Sun's diameter; approximately the diameter of the Earth.
(Black holes)
are believed to form from massive stars at the end of their life times. The gravitational pull in a black hole is so great that nothing can escape from it, not even light. The density of matter in a black hole cannot be measured.
