The correct answer to this open question is the following.
One duty of citizens that is important for both citizens and the government is participation in federal and state elections. The duty and the right to vote.
This is of the utmost importance for the government and the United States citizens in that is the foundation of American democracy. Through elections, US citizens vote for their representatives. Americans elect the President, state governors, and the Congressmen for the House of Representatives and the Senate.
This is an interesting question, but it supposes nations like Asia or Africa wouldn’t venture off to the Americas themselves (in which many native Americans have connections to Africans). If your question about another way to reach India not going west, then they’d go East, by land. I believe it was just to make it faster to travel by sea though and for more resources. Natives and Africans didn’t colonize (from my research) and if they did it wasn’t nearly as impactful or as cruel as Europeans had done.
The correct answer is "pressure from anti-communist republicans."
After World War II, the US and Soviet Union emerged as global superpowers. Their difference in political ideology lead to a battle for global power and influence. This battle caused for the US to get rid of any possible communist influences or Soviet spies within the federal government. This pressure, put on by Republicans who felt that Democrats were "soft" about getting rid of communism, lead Harry Truman to put into place the loyalty program (also known as Executive Order 9835).
In the election of the year 1888, the primary importance's position to the Republican Party was to support for having high tariffs. This implementation of having tariffs was known as the Tariff Act of 1890 or popularly known as the McKinley tariff.
