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fomenos
3 years ago
8

1. Explique las principales características del pensamiento político de los ilustrados.

History
1 answer:
Montano1993 [528]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

La Ilustración fue una corriente europea de ideas que enfatizaba, entre otras cosas, la importancia de la razón y el conocimiento. La Ilustración comenzó a fines del siglo XVII en Francia, hizo su avance en la década de 1730, alcanzó su punto máximo en la década de 1760 y principios de 1770, y comenzó a declinar a partir de entonces.

Los primeros pensadores famosos del movimiento fueron John Locke y Thomas Hobbes, quienes escribieron muchos escritos anticoercitivos ya en el siglo XVII. Sin embargo, sus teorías del contrato social, así como las concepciones humanas, no eran típicas de lo que con mayor frecuencia se considera la Ilustración. La última ola de la Ilustración incluyó a los pensadores Voltaire, Immanuel Kant, Adam Smith, Thomas Jefferson, Jeremy Bentham y Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, entre otros.

Los pensadores de la Ilustración ponían la razón por encima del misticismo, la ciencia y el progreso antes que las creencias y se aferraban a la vieja economía de mercado antes del mercantilismo y los derechos humanos antes de la arbitrariedad estatal, con la excepción de Jean-Jacques Rousseau, quien también apoyó la democracia. También exigían igualdad ante la ley en lugar de prerrogativas legales.

El liberalismo nació durante la Ilustración, y Locke, Kant, Smith, Voltaire, Jefferson y David Hume, entre otros, son conocidos como sus padres. El movimiento también proporcionó un marco para las revoluciones estadounidense y francesa, así como el surgimiento del capitalismo y el nacimiento del socialismo.

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