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fomenos
3 years ago
8

1. Explique las principales características del pensamiento político de los ilustrados.

History
1 answer:
Montano1993 [528]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

La Ilustración fue una corriente europea de ideas que enfatizaba, entre otras cosas, la importancia de la razón y el conocimiento. La Ilustración comenzó a fines del siglo XVII en Francia, hizo su avance en la década de 1730, alcanzó su punto máximo en la década de 1760 y principios de 1770, y comenzó a declinar a partir de entonces.

Los primeros pensadores famosos del movimiento fueron John Locke y Thomas Hobbes, quienes escribieron muchos escritos anticoercitivos ya en el siglo XVII. Sin embargo, sus teorías del contrato social, así como las concepciones humanas, no eran típicas de lo que con mayor frecuencia se considera la Ilustración. La última ola de la Ilustración incluyó a los pensadores Voltaire, Immanuel Kant, Adam Smith, Thomas Jefferson, Jeremy Bentham y Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, entre otros.

Los pensadores de la Ilustración ponían la razón por encima del misticismo, la ciencia y el progreso antes que las creencias y se aferraban a la vieja economía de mercado antes del mercantilismo y los derechos humanos antes de la arbitrariedad estatal, con la excepción de Jean-Jacques Rousseau, quien también apoyó la democracia. También exigían igualdad ante la ley en lugar de prerrogativas legales.

El liberalismo nació durante la Ilustración, y Locke, Kant, Smith, Voltaire, Jefferson y David Hume, entre otros, son conocidos como sus padres. El movimiento también proporcionó un marco para las revoluciones estadounidense y francesa, así como el surgimiento del capitalismo y el nacimiento del socialismo.

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For Presidents’ Day, we need to remember the strong leadership that George Washington gave our nation during the Revolutionary War and afterward, when he became our first president. His integrity and courage in times of crisis make him an exceptional role model for students today.

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Some American politicians wanted to renege on these debts, or only pay part of them off. But Washington and his Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton recognized that U. S. credit and international integrity could only be obtained by paying back our creditors all that we owed them. Thus, Washington supported a tariff–usually 5%–on all imports, and he supported a whiskey tax as well as the two methods of raising money to pay off our national debt. In his Farewell Address, he urged his countrymen to avoid “the accumulation of debt,” and asked them not to throw “upon posterity the [debt] burden, which we ourselves ought to bear.”

What was the result of Washington’s effort to set high fiscal standards for the U. S.? Americans followed his leadership and usually spent less federal money that was taken in by the tariff and the whiskey tax. In less than forty years after Washington’s presidency, the entire national was eliminated and the U. S. actually (for a brief period) was a nation of surpluses and no debt. We had laid the foundation to become a great nation thanks in part to the excellent leadership of George Washington.

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