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Lorenzo de Medici was born in Florence on January 1, 1449 and died in Careggi on April 9, 1492. Known as Lorenzo the Magnificent, his life coincided with some of the high points of the early Renaissance in Italy, and his death. marked the end of the so-called Golden Age of Florence. The fragile peace he helped to maintain between the various Italian states collapsed after his death. He is buried in the Medicea Chapel in his hometown.
Florentine banker and ruler was the son of the ruler of that city, Pedro de Medici and Lucrezia Tornabuoni. Belonging to a wealthy family of bankers, he exercised the city government (1453-1492), initially in conjunction with his brother Julian, and then alone after his brother's murder (1478), until his death. In politics the most striking fact was the defeat of the conspiracy of the Pazzi (1478), rival bankers of the Medici, who had the protection of Pope Sixtus IV. The Pazzi, with the complicity of the archbishop of Florence, decided to assassinate the ruling brothers in the cathedral (Duomo). Juliano lost his life in the attack, but Lourenço managed to be saved by taking refuge in the sacristy. Immediately after the rebellion ended, the archbishop was hung from one of the windows of the Palazzo Vecchio, still dressed in his ceremonial clothes, while the other conspirators were seized by the crowd and quartered. Without recognizing defeat, Pope Sixtus IV had the support of Fernando I, king of Naples, to beat the Florentine, but he went to Naples and personally convinced Fernando to support him, and thus eliminated the chances of the conspirators.
Lorenzo married an Orsini (Clarisse) from a family of the Roman nobility, married his sister Magdalene with a son of Pope Innocent VIII, and arranged for his son Giovanni to be named cardinal. He ruled as an enlightened despot and became famous for the legendary festivals, tournaments and carnivals as well as promoting the city's artistic splendor. Promoter of the city's historic cultural, economic and scientific explosion, his court was famous for the wise men and artists it hosted and who were kept at the expense of the prince, such as humanist Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, poet Angelo Poliziano and painters Leonardo da Vinci and Sandro Botticelli, among many others. In the gardens of Saint Mark, he opened a sculpture school where young Michelangelo Buonarroti did his apprenticeship.
