Punch card is the oldest computer storage; followed by tape and then floppy disk. Hard drive goes back as far as floppy but is still in use today. CD/DVD/BR discs are all later storage but are also used for storing music and videos. USB flash, SD card, SSD and cloud storage are the common technologies used today for data storage.
Well knowing how the government is with security id go with A. as it makes a lot of sense unlike B and D and if they were looking for software the question would mention it