For the square with side length n, the diagonal measures:
The sidelength of the square is n, and we want to get the length of the diagonal d.
Notice that the diagonal is the hypotenuse of a right triangle whose catheti measure n.
Then we can use the Pythagorean theorem, which says that the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the cathetus;
That is the length of the diagonal.
If you want to learn more about right triangles:
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