I think the word you're looking for is "hypothesis".
For example, a hypothesis could be "dogs drink more often when owners are present".
And then this can be proven (or dis-proven) by an observation (or in this case rather: measurement).
The answer is arrangements taken by the British government in the Intolerable Acts.
<span>Conflicts within the Middle East cannot be separated from its peoples' culture. ... culture and tribalism within Islam impacts everything from family relations, to governance, to conflict. Either way, tribesmen are ready to fight.</span>
Getting Japan to surrender.
Granny thinks about being left behind at the altar.