Booker T. Washington was born into slavery and yet was able to get a comprehensive formal education after the Civil War, during the Reconstruction Period. He understood the primordial importance of a formal education of any type for the betterment of the condition of African Americans. His context was very difficult, in the South, segregation, discrimination and lynching were rampant and a large number of African Americans were illiterate which helped perpetuate Southern white supremacy. Booker T. Washington had founded the Tuskegee Institute to provide vocational education (education that prepares people to work on specific fields of work that require industrial or agricultural specialization but provides no education in the classic liberal arts of science, art, philosophy, social sciences, mathematics or religious studies) to Southern African Americans.
The reason he did not provide such education was that Southern laws prevented him from doing it. Washington understood that he needed to play his cards carefully as African Americans were a minority with little political power in the South and he very cleverly adopted a two-fold strategy: publicly he would accommodate Southern segregationist policies in exchange for the funds and permits to provide vocational education to a largely uncultured, illiterate and untrained African American minority. Privately and secretly, he funded every legal challenge he could to segregationist laws and policies. The accomodationist views he expressed in his Atlanta Compromise speech made Southern white supremacists feel he was not a threat to their social order and this allowed him to slowly educate and train more and more African Americans and secretly undermine segregation.
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The huge economic potential, territorial remoteness from theaters of operations, as well as the later entry into World War II put the United States in better conditions in comparison with Great Britain and the USSR for restructuring the economy, establishing military production, and deploying armed forces.
In the summer of 1941, US military-economic preparation accelerated. In order to centralize defense efforts and further reorganize the economy, an economic defense department was formed on July 30, 1941, and a month later, a department for the order of supply and placement of orders, which included representatives of large capital along with heads of government departments.
Much attention was paid to military-industrial construction. The government, meeting the requirements of the monopolies, provided them with generous state subsidies, loans, and tax breaks. The military factories built by the state were then contracted to private firms and corporations. In 1941, $2.7 billion was allocated from the state budget for the construction of military factories.
The Germans tried to hide their intentions. They tried to convince the allies that the deportations were carried out with the aim of “relocating” Jews to labor camps “in the east.” As a rule, the camps were taken out of towns.
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