1. A participle is a verb form that is used as an <u>b. adjective. </u>
A participle is a verbal that act as an adjective in a sentence. There are two types of participles: the present participle, which ends in <em>-ing</em>, like <em>winning</em>, and the past participle which is formed from the past tense of a verb, and therefore they usually have the endings <em>-ed, -d, -t, -en, </em>or<em> -n</em>, such as<em> swollen </em>and<em> broken.</em>
2. Identify the participial phrase in the sentence below:
<em>Rising early, I saw the sun come up.</em>
<u>a. Rising early.</u>
Participial phrases consist of a participle (E.g.: <em>winning, rising, swollen</em>) and their modifiers (E.g.: <em>early</em>). In this sentence, then, the participial phrase is <em>Rising early.</em>
3. A gerund is a verb form that is used as a <u>a. noun.</u>
A gerund is a verbal that acts as a noun in a sentence. This verbal is formed with the root of a verb + ing (or the present participle form of a verb). An example of a sentence with a gerund: Jogging is a good way to build one's strength and stamina.