Karl marx and his fellow writer Engel believed that revolution should start from below, by proletariat coming together, while Maoism recruited the urban population,red army and students. Marxism did not beleive in violent take over but maoism did, which led to him killing millions of people.
He was the first Indian to serve in the British Parliament hope I helped a little.
A republic. It later became a dictatorship, but it was founded a republic.
The successful attempt to put the satellite Sputnik into space confirmed the fear of the US citizens that the Soviet Union was capable of potentially placing weapons into space (like missile-technology satellites, etc).