The following officials would be forming a part of democracy: a cabinet member, a president (such as the president of Israel), and a member of a parliament.
An official that is not part of a democracy would be a king, such as the king of Jordan or the king of Saudi Arabia
I think water and food is something that's encouraged people to settle where I live.
The answer to your question is: D. rainfall and ocean waves.
Looking at both figures shows that rain and the waves have changed the terrain.