As newer rock layers form, they overlap with the ones with the pre-existing ones. Therefore, when looking for older rock layers, we would look for the ones that are deeper beneath the surface of the earth. On the other hand, newer rock layers are found at the top. This is also observed in the fact that oil rigs dig very deep into the ground to access the layers that are millions of years old.
Answer:
When the pKa is 6.0, we can determine the fraction of protonated H is by:
pH = pKa + log [A]/[HA]
Where
A = Deprotonated imidazole side
HA = Protonated side
Given, pH = 5.0
5 = 6 + log [A]/[HA]
log [A]/[HA] = -1 (take antilog of both side)
[A]/[HA] = 0.1
The ratio of the deprotonated imidazole side chain to the protonated side chain at pH 5.0 = 0.1
Given, pH = 7.5
7.5 = 6 + log [A]/[HA]
log [A]/[HA] = 1.5 (take antilog of both sides)
[A]/[HA] = 31.62
The ratio of the deprotonated imidazole side chain to the protonated side chain at pH 5.0 = 31.62
Germination is the process of seeds developing into new plants.
Prokaryotic cellss are unicellular and therefore have no organelles and no true nucleus whereas eukaryotic cells have organelles and a nucleus. Therefore the first one is eukaryotic and then second is prokaryotic
