I think how the text uses dramatic irony with the use of dramatic adjectives and other describing words. (sorry if I'm wrong I'm just not that smart)
Answer:
the dog was frightened by the sudden noise
Answer:
Jim Crow laws aimed to segregate races and draw a social divide between the "superior" white, human race and the "less than human" black race. While these laws were successful in implementing a divided social climate, its overall effects were negative. Jim Crow laws were extremely racist, and just disgusting overall. Everyone is equal. Everyone matters. Everyone deserves equal opportunity.
Explanation:

Because the ladder was in flat position not in slant.

Ultraviolet - (of electromagnetic radiation) having a wavelength shorter than that of the violet end of the visible spectrum but longer than that of X-rays.