Answer:
The statement that is not true for antibody staining is it can provide information about gene expression.
Explanation:
Antibody staining is important aspect of applied immunology. Antibody staining is done to determine a specific protein in a given sample.Antibody staining is done by using fluorescent dyes and also by using specific enzyme such as horse reddish peroxidase,alkaline phosphatase.
Antibody staining can be visualized with either fluorescent or radioactive labels. Antibody staining can be performed by western blotting method.Multiple antibodies can be used to stain different proteins.Antibody staining requires the hybridization of the complementary base sequence of the antibody and also the target protein to which it binds.
Everything that we eat and drink contains some percentage of water. So, to start, you have to know that the human body has receptors which estimate if we have enough water in our blood and cells in general. From these receptors, the information travels through the neurons to the part of the brain that is responsible for activation of different responses.
The digestive system is important because in its lower parts, liquids are absorbed and inserted in the bloodstream. Then through the bloodstream, they travel to all parts of the body and are absorbed by cells as needed. When blood passes through the body, it gets to the kidneys where water and electrolytes are filtered, reabsorbed if needed and excreted through the urine.
Now, if the brain has a signal that the body has a lack of liquids, it activates hormones which influence the bloodstream in both the digestive and the urinary system. In this case, the digestive system will absorb more liquids from food because the hormones will make the blood vessels in the digestive area larger, and on the other hand, we will produce less urine because the kidneys will get an assignment from the brain to filter liquids, but to reabsorb them again as much as possible.
1.1
Meiosis I
The first meiotic division: diploid → haploid
Prophase I: Chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane dissolves, homologous chromosomes join and occurs crossing over.
Metaphase-I: the homologous chromosomes align in the middle of the cell. Spindle fibers from the centrosomes connect to the chromosomes.
Anaphase -I: Spindle fibers contract and split the homologous chromosomes, moving them to opposite poles of the cell.
Telophase -I: Chromosomes decondense; cell divides to form two haploid cells.
1.2 Meiosis II
The second division: separates sister chromatids (these chromatids may not be identical due to crossing over in prophase I)
Prophase II: Chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane dissolves, centrosomes move to opposite poles (perpendicular to before)
Metaphase-II: the chromosomes align in the middle of the cell. Spindle fibers from the centrosomes connect to the chromosomes (at the centromere)
Anaphase-II: Spindle fibers contract and split the sister chromatids, and moves them to opposite poles of the cell.
Telophase-II: Chromosomes decondense,cells divides again to form another 2 haploid daughter cells. Final: 4 new cells.
2. The differences:
Mitosis:
- has 1 division per cycle
- one cell produces 2 new cells
- the genetic information in the mother-cell and the daughter-cells are the same. ( the number of chromosomes is also the same)
- it occurs in somatic cells
Meiosis:
- two divisions per cycle
- one cell when divides produces 4 new cells
- the new cells have different genetic information. mixes the genetic material from the parent cells
- the number of chromosomes of the daughter cells is half of the mother's.
3. Prokaryotic organisms don't divide through mitosis, they use a different process called binary fission. Only eukaryotic organisms, or those whose cells have a defined nuclei, undergo mitosis. Bacteria, for example, are prokaryotic organisms that use binary fission.
4.
It can't occur. Cross over is the exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes. That will result in recombinant chromosomes during sexual reproduction. It can't occur on different chromosomes because they don't code for the same genes.
5. There are a lot of different theories about that, but it's mostly believed that meiosis must evolve before sexual reproduction. That's because The cell replicates their information first and then divides. Plus the cell does that even though it didn't recombine DNA with another organism (sexual reproduction).
Answer:
Vaccination involves showing the immune system something which looks very similar to a particular virus or bacteria, which helps the immune system be stronger when it is fighting against the real infection.
Explanation: "it is what it is".
Answer:
Apoptosis is a multi-step, multi-pathway cell-death programme that is inherent in every cell of the body. In cancer, the apoptosis cell-division ratio is altered. Cancer treatment by chemotherapy and irradiation kills target cells primarily by inducing apoptosis.
Explanation:
