La Niña is a coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon that is the counterpart of El Niño as part of the broader El Niño–Southern Oscillation climate pattern. The name La Niña originates from Spanish, meaning "the little girl", analogous to El Niño meaning "the little boy".
The mechanism of action of Bordetella pertussis is to stop the cilia of epithelial cells from beating.
<em>Bordetella pertussis</em> is a pathogenic, gram-negative bacteria. It is the causative agent of highly communicable respiratory disease known as pertussis or whooping cough.
The mechanism of action of Bordetella pertussis:
- This bacterium colonizes the ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory airways of the host.
- A surface protein on the bacteria called filamentous haemagglutinin adhesin binds to sulfatides on the cilia of epithelial cells. When the bacterium is anchored, it releases tracheal cytotoxin, which prevents the cilia from beating.
- As a result, the cilia in an organism's lungs are unable to sweep out foreign material, and the body reacts by causing the host to cough. When people cough, bacteria are released into the air, where they might spread to other hosts.
- Another toxin called the pertussis toxin, often known as PTx, prevents adenylate cyclase from using ATP to convert to cyclic AMP. This results in over-conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP, which may interfere with cellular signaling systems. As a result, phagocytes are unable to respond to an infection effectively.
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Answer;
The guidance that would help increase her activity levels would be to walk short distances and slowly increase total activity time.
Explanation;
A sedentary lifestyle involves excessive amount of daily sitting. Be it to watch television, work the computer, or even read, its negative influences include increased anxiety, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression, among others.
Answer:
If you ate the cake the protein in the cake would become denatured
Explanation:
As you eat the cake the salivary amylase in the mouth will begin to digest the carbohydrates. in the stomach the pH is around 2. This is a highly acidic environment.
At this point in digestion the stomach acids present will begin to act on the protein inside the cake. This protein will become denatured firstly, because of the stomach environment.
The cake will continue to pass along the digestive tract hereafter.
