Answer:
Option: A) Islam would have spread into Europe.
Explanation:
The Battle of Tours fought between Franks and Burgundian against the Muslims (Umayyad Caliphate) in 732. The leader of the battle from the Christian side was Charles Martel. He played a significant role in defeating the army of Spanish Moors who were trying to enter into Western Europe. If the Franks were unable to win the battle, then Islam would have replaced Christianity in Europe. Europe developed under Muslim rule would have completely change European history. Christianity remained in Europe with ending Muslim conquests towards Europe.
Since the 17th century Europe has changed in many ways.
Geographically: The Ottoman Empire has turned into a smaller country of Turkey, Germany was created from many small German states, and many new countries have formed.
Population: Since the 17th century, the population has grown a lot because the discovered industry since then and have many organizations to keep peace, like the EU.
Religion: Many countries are more secular because religion is not as important anymore. And they have more immigration because the are a place where people can live well and earn money, so people in places like Syria and Russia can move to Europe to live better, which means more immigration is happening.
I think more men and more powerful weapons
