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James II, also called (1644–85) duke of York and (1660–85) duke of Albany, (born October 14, 1633, London, England—died September 5/6 [September 16/17, New Style], 1701, Saint-Germain, France), king of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1685 to 1688, and the last Stuart monarch in the direct male line. He was deposed in the Glorious Revolution (1688–89) and replaced by William III and Mary II. That revolution, engendered by James’s Roman Catholicism, permanently established Parliament as the ruling power of England.
<span>Early people of the Americas used a combination of animals to further their exploration and expansion into new territories. Some populations used horses and oxen as food sources, and did much of their travel on foot, bringing only what they could carry. Others settled in towns, where food and supplies could be purchased or traded.</span>
Answer: After word war ii
