Answer:
tropical grassland provides important services and roles including as water catchment biodiversity reserves
Explanation:
provides our ecosystem with sufficient clean water
helps to prevent floods
If global climate change causes a temperate grassland region to get less rainfall and higher temperatures, it will start to support more desert species.
Global climate change refers to long-term average changes over the whole planet. These include rising temperatures and precipitation changes, as well as the repercussions of global warming, such as: Sea levels are rising. Mountain glaciers are receding.
Climate change will most certainly impact the makeup of grassland communities, but complex interactions make forecasts difficult.
Extreme weather events can cause a swift and severe reaction, affecting both ecosystems and human groups . Droughts, floods, fires, and hurricanes are anticipated to have a greater impact on grassland ecosystems in the United States. Drought worsens soil erosion and depletes aquifers. Increased precipitation variability favors more frequent fires, that can minimize the encroachment of woody plants into grasslands.
Therefore, the blank will be filled by begin to support more desert species.
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Answer:
Fertility Rate
In the UK, the fertility rate has been below replacement levels since the early 1970s. The average fertility is presently 1.94 but there are regional differences within this, with Scotland’s fertility rate currently 1.77 compared with 2.04 in Northern Ireland. There is also a shift to higher mean pregnancy ages – women giving birth in 2009 were on average one year older (29.4) than those in 1999 (28.4).
There a lot of factors that have contributed to this change. These include improved availability and effectiveness of contraception; the rising costs of living; increasing female participation in the labour market; changing social attitudes; and the rise of individualism.
Work and Pensions
Longer retirement periods may lead to an increased level of pensioner poverty, especially amongst those who have not been able to pay into occupational schemes. Women are particularly vulnerable to this. They have a higher life expectancy than men and can lose their husband’s pension support if he dies first. They are also more likely to have taken time out of the labor market to raise children or care for others, meaning they may not have saved enough for their retirement.
In response to this, the UK government recently announced plans to remove the fixed retirement age meaning that employers can no longer force people to retire once they reach 65. They have also announced plans to increase the retirement age for women from 60 to 65 by 2018. It will then be raised to 66 for both men & women by 2020. Employers are also being encouraged to employ older workers and specialist initiatives are being put in place to support older people in returning to work.
Life Expectancy
As medicine advances and older populations are healthier, they will live longer and thus the population as a whole will age.
Explanation:
Urbanization brings noise pollution due to a larger population. This can be seen as one challenge. Another challenge is pollution such as plastic, gases, noise, etc due to the larger population. Also a big challenge is danger. You do not know the people as much in a larger town, therefore the danger to you is a lot more prominent.
Answer:
Yes, they were believed to be modified by the formation of the rift valleys and volcanoes activity.
Explanation:
- The theory given by the Alfred Wegener provided evidence of the drifting of the continents and the formation of the current shoreline with the respect to the breakup of the super landmass and thus the shorelines of Africa and those of South America are an accurate representation of the breakup and the drift
- <u>The several factors are accountable for the nature of the coastline that has modified the shape and the size of the continent includes the formation of the rift valleys and the geologic and the tectonic processes and the presence of the faults and the folds in the history of the earth crust.</u>
