Direct democracy.
Athenian democracy was the first democracy, developed around the fifth century B.C.E. The Greek idea of democracy was different from present-day democracy because, in Athens, all adult citizens were required to take an active part in the government.
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The Copernican Revolution was the paradigm shift from the Ptolemaic model of the heavens, which described the cosmos as having Earth stationary at the center of the universe, to the heliocentric model with the Sun at the center of the Solar System.
The rise of the Ottoman Empire
The Columbian Exchange had positive and negative consequences.
Some of the positive consequences were the introduction of different nutrients and food supplies into the Old World, such as corn or potatoes. This improved the diet of most Europeans, leading to a population growth in the next generations.
However, Europe benefited more than the Americas, for some of the negative consequences about the Columbian Exchange were the introduction of diseases into the continent and the slavery of African populations into the Americas.
