Answer:Biological Surplus is the amount of animals in a given population that are "above" the carrying capacity.
Explanation:
Sapolsky<span> observes </span>baboons<span> in the wild to </span>determine<span> their ranks, ...
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Answer:
Cytochrome c is an enzyme found in bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. Here it is given that the human amino acid sequence for cytochrome c differs at 12 locations from the sequence in horses and pigeons. This information might be useful for inferring in preliminary stages that horses and pigeons are closely related to each other since they both show similar amount of difference from humans.
However, this hypothesis is being made with respect to the the comparison between "humans and horses" and "humans and pigeons". To further test this hypothesis pigeons and horses should be directly compared to each other without the use of a third species like humans. Hence, the sequence for cytochrome c in horse and pigeon should be compared with each other rather than comparing to humans.
Respiratory system helps in breathing and it leads to exhalation of the gas carbon dioxide which is not required by the body. The integumentary system is the first line of defense and protects the body from invadig microbes, dust, and other harmful substances. The digestive system protects the body by enabling digestio of food and providing energy to sustain, further the toxic waste materials are also released during the process.
