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Old Kingdom: the reign of Pharaoh Khufu.
Khufu, Greek Cheops, was an ancient Egyptian monarch who ruled Egypt in the first half of the Old Kingdom period (2686 to 2181 BC). Khufu is famous for building the Great Pyramid at Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of the World.
Middle Kingdom: Theban prince Mentuhotep II reunited Egypt.
Mentuhotep II was a member of the royal family of Egypt who defeated his rivals in the Delta and reunified the country under his rule. This reunification marked the beginning of the Middle Kingdom period (2055 to 1650 BC).
New Kingdom: Hatshepsut expanded Egyptian trade.
Hatshepsut was the daughter of King Thutmose I, who became queen of Egypt when she married her half-brother, Thutmose II, and came to the throne of Egypt in 1478 BC [ during the period of the New Kingdom: 1550 to 1070 BC]. Her reign was for the most part a peaceful one; thus, her foreign policy was not based on war but on trade. In fact, she is well known for having extended Egyptian trade into modern-day Somalia and the Mediterranean.
