Asthenosphere forms the upper mantel and Mesosphere form the lower part of the mantel. The temperature of the asthenosphere is normally about 1300 to 3000 degrees C. While the mesosphere has <u>7000 degrees Fahrenheit which 3879 degrees celsius.
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Being in the lower part this material is found at a depth of 400 to 1800 miles below the surface of the earth. Being larger it takes around 70% of the earth mantle. And having the pressure of 1.3 million times that of the upper surface. Evidence can be seen from the volcanic eruptions.
The lower mantle is composed of Pyrolytic and Chondritic matter. And asthenosphere is made up of semi-solid molten matter all types of isostatic adjustment take place in this zone of influence. Compose of heavy metals and elements like iron and magnesium contains the base of oceanic crust.
Earthquakes became by movement in tectonic plate majorly at ring of fire that is the primary driver of earthquakes in Japan, where many earthquakes occur.
The fact that Japan is an island nation with a large coastline is also vulnerable to tsunamis and most of the Japanese population lives close to the coast due to the mountainous interior of the country.
A very notable damage was done in Sendai that is the big city that was the epicenter of the earthquake. An earthquake in Sendai destroyed homes and other buildings.
The tide has flooded inland, damaged cars, ships and additional homes and businesses.
Commodity dependence makes countries more vulnerable to negative economic shocks,” said UNCTAD's commodities head, Janvier Nkurunziza. “It can have a negative impact on export and fiscal revenues and adversely affect a country's economic development.
