Answer:
The differential equations and the boundary conditions(initial and final)are shown in the attachment
Sometimes, the dark spots on the marshmallow can fall off of the marshmallow. This means that, the system does not need to include the pieces that fell when determining the mass before and after.
The correct answer is HPA axis.
The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis is one of the most important neuroendocrine systems, which regulates the stress response and other functions such as the digestion, mood, emotions and the immune system.
The hypothalamus, when triggered by a possible stressor, releases two hormones; the vasopressin and the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). CRH, in turn, triggers the release of the adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland. As a result of the secretion of ACTH, cortisol is secreted by the adrenal cortex.
Cortisol is a steroid hormone, considered to be our body's stress hormone.
Air enters into the body through nose and proceeds to pharynx or windpipe afterwards it proceeds down and reaches to larynx the voice box and continue to proceed to trachea which is surrounded by rings so that by air pressure it cannot be collapse from there a divides into two side left and right bronchus then it conducted towards bronchioles which is the pathway to alveoli at last it reaches to its Final Destination (not that movie....hahah) which is alveoli where the exchange of gases takes place
Answer:
c. an increase in the duration of the wild fire season
