The 2004 earthquake in Indonesia occurred due to subduction of the indian-australian plate under the eurasian plate, creating a tsunami that killed over 220,000 people.
Most tsunamis are caused by sudden vertical movement of the ocean floor. Certain types of earthquakes, shear and normal fault earthquakes, occur at shallow depths below the seafloor and can cause very rapid seafloor movements.
As a general rule, the larger the region of displacement and hence the stronger the wave, the stronger the earthquake. In 2004, an earthquake in a subduction zone west of the Indonesian island of Sumatra triggered a significant tsunami in the Indian Ocean. The Sumatra Trench is formed when pieces of the Eurasian Plate are sunk beneath the Indian Ocean Plate there.
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b. The fault is younger than the layers it cuts through, but older than the layers above it.
Explanation:
Since the fault cuts through the lower rock layers and terminates against the ones above it, we can conclude that the fault is younger than the layers it cut through but older than the layers above it.
We know this based on the principle of cross-cutting.
The principle of cross-cutting relationship suggests that "a fault and an intrusion is younger than the rocks they cut through".
- This principle is very important in determining the relative age of sedimentary strata.
- The rock units through which a fault permeates must have been there before the fault formed. So they are older.
- If the overlying layer above the fault is not affected then it is younger than the faulting event
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Answer:
BELOW
Explanation:
a) i) solute ii) solvent
b) i) insoluble ii) filter
c) residue
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