Answer:
Elevated uric acid levels lead to a condition known as "Hyperuricemia."
Explanation:
This condition occurs when there is an excessive presence of uric acid in the blood. It can be divided into:
- Primary hyperuricemia
- Secondary hyperuricemia
Primary hyperuricemia occurs when the kidneys are not able to eliminate uric acid in an efficient/proper way. This can be due to the consumption of foos that are very high in purines. For example, liver, gravy, alcoholic beverages, and some vegetables such as spinach and asparagus.
Secondary hyperuricemia may occur to several possible reasons. For instance, kidney disease, in which the kidney is not able to eliminate uric acid; chemotherapy, which may lead to the accumulation of uric acids; or medications that increase the level of uric acid in the blood.
Symptoms include:
- Fever.
- Extreme and abnormal fatigue.
- Joint inflammation.
- Urination problems.
- Kidney stones.
To prevent this disease and as part of a treatment (along with medications prescribed by a doctor), a patient should opt to consume foods that are low in purine, such as lettuce, tomatoes, cereals, fruits, milk, eggs, amongst others.
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The small intestine comprises of an external layer called epithelium, from which originates microvilli that are the extensions of the small intestine, which projects in the form of tubes and their prime activity is to give a large surface area of absorption to obtain the majority of nutrients.
The nutrients obtained by the microvilli are included into the circulatory system, the prime activity of the circulatory system is to carry different constituents like amino acids, glucose, proteins, and other complex components like oxygen and hormones. It also helps in the conduction of various metabolic wastes discharged from the tissues.
The circulatory system comprises many kinds of capillaries, the most essential of which are arterial capillaries, venous capillaries, and fenestrated capillaries. The fenestrated capillaries are characterized by the pores present in the endothelial cells, which permits small molecules and restricted concentrations of proteins to pass through.
The most essential nutrient carried during the whole process is glucose. It has been considered as the prime source of energy, which is further hydrolyzed to produce two molecules of ATP. The ATP is known as the energy currency of the cell as it provides energy for different cellular and metabolic procedures essential for life.
In a closed ecological system, any waste products produced by one species must be used by at least one other species. If the purpose is to maintain a life form, such as a mouse or a human, waste products such as carbon dioxide, feces and urine must eventually be converted into oxygen, food, and water.
