The Zionists wanted for the Jewish people to have their own country where they could be free from persecution. After World War 2 ended, Britain was in charge of the Palestinian territory. They decide to leave the territory and let the Jewish people take control of it, which established the state of Israel. The country was recognized by many and Israel has been there ever since.
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The 'mother country' to Brewster and Robinson was, of course, England and that was generally what was meant when the phrase came into use in the USA. They didn't coin the phrase themselves but probably read it in the works of a prominent Puritan of the day - Arthur Golding.
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