Answer:
Before tax cost of debt is 7.12%
After tax cost of debt is 4.27%
Cost of equity is 10%
Explanation:
The before-tax cost of debt can be determined using excel rate formula as found below:
=rate(nper,pmt,-pv,fv)
nper is the number of semiannual payments the bond has i.e 20*2=40
pmt is the amount of semiannual payment=$1000*7.5%*6/12=$ 37.50
pv is the current price =$1000*104%=$1,040.00
fv is the face value of $1000
=rate(40,37.50,-1040,1000)=3.56%
The 3.56% is semiannual yield, hence 7.12% per year (3.56%*2)
After-tax cost of debt=7.12%*(1-t) where is the tax rate of 40% or 0.4
after-tax cost of debt=7.12%*(1-0.40)=4.27%
Cost of equity is determined using the below CAPM formula:
Ke=Rf+Beta*(Mr-Rf)
Rf is the risk free rate of 4%
Beta is 1.2
Mr is the market return of 9%
Ke=4%+1.2(9%-4%)=10.00%
Answer: The correct answer is "Cause-related marketing".
Explanation: This is an example of <u>Cause-related marketing.</u>
Cause-related marketing is a type of corporate social responsibility activity, for which a business promotion campaign has a dual purpose: to increase profitability and improve society.
In this case, the supermarket chain seeks to increase its sales, promoting that 1% of these will be donated to local after-school programs for underprivileged youth.
Management's plan for making money in a particular line of business and the revenue-cost-profit economics of the company's strategy is Strategic Management.
Strategic Management is the most widely recognized approach to spreading out goals, frameworks, and focuses to make an association or affiliation more serious. Consistently, the fundamental organization looks at effectively passing staff and resources on to achieve these targets.
In business, it is critical because it allows an association to look at districts for useful improvement. Generally speaking, they can understand either a consistent connection, which recognizes likely risks and opens entryways, or simply notice essential standards.
An association could choose to follow either a prescriptive or elucidating method for managing the executives. Under a prescriptive model, frameworks are delineated for development and execution. On the other hand, an elucidating model portrays how an association can cultivate these frameworks.
To learn more about Strategic Management.
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Question:
A potato chip manufacturer purchases a potato farm. Which of the following regarding its strategy is true?
A. The manufacturer has effectively used vertical integration to increase its bargaining position and reduce transaction costs.
B. The manufacturer has enhanced utilisation by allowing depreciation and other fixed costs to be spread over a larger unit volume.
C. The manufacturer has sacrificed quality by using a lower-cost input.
D. The manufacturer has efficiently capitalised on the experience and learning-curve effects within the company.
E. The manufacturer has effectively reduced its operating costs by outsourcing its activities.
Answer:
A. the Manufacturer has effectively used vertical integration to increase it's bargaining position and reduce transaction costs.
Explanation:
Vertical integration is a business strategy whereby a business acquires ownership or controls its suppliers, distributors, or retail locations to control its value or supply chain.
It may also be said that vertical integration has to do with the purchase of a part of all of the production or sales process that was previously outsourced, to have it done in-house.
An example of companies who have done this are:
1. Apple
2. Netflix
3. Comcast (Which acquired NBC)
Businesses can integrate by
- purchasing their suppliers to reduce the costs of manufacturing or
- controlling the distribution process that is, owning and controlling the warehousing and delivery of their products etc.
Answer:
First of all, an auditor must be skeptical about the information that he/she is gathering and analyzing. They should try to get as much audit evidence as they can in order to form an opinion. But an auditor can also reasonably assure that there are no material misstatements, either intentional or not intentional.
Most auditor procedures are intended to discover unintentional misstatements, but intentional misstatements are very hard to discover because more than one individual (or even a very large group) might have colluded in order to conceal them. The auditor gets his information from the controller, internal auditor, and other people within the organization, but what if they all colluded in order to conceal their bad actions.
E.g. an auditor should check for shipping receipts to be complete, accurate and in order, but he/she relies on information given by the same people that he/she is evaluating. The auditor can conclude that the shipping reports are complete, but he/she cannot state that they are true and valid because he/she wasn't there.
