Answer:
the middle passage tool enslaved africans away from their homeland. the slaves were packed below the decks of the ship. the men were usually shackled together in pairs using leg irons, or shackles . also the people were packed so close that they could not get to the toilet buckets so they had to lay in their own filth.
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Answer: In the mid 7th century AD, following the Muslim conquest of Persia, Islam penetrated into areas that would later become part of European Russia.
Explanation:
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There were many ways in which early Muslims viewed and treated Jews and Christians, but mostly it was with tolerance, except on the outskirts of the empire.