Answer:
1. The difference between the normal hemoglobin protein DNA sequence and the sickle cell hemoglobin DNA sequence is a base to base shift, in this case adenine (GAG) to thymine (GTG).
2. The difference affects the amino acid sequence of the protein by replacing glutamic acid (Glu) with valine (Val).
Explanation:
In sickle cell anemia, a change in the DNA nucleotide sequence is observed, where adenine is substituted by thymine, whose expression is the change in the amino acid sequence of globine β, incorporating valine instead of glutamic acid. This represents a molecular mutation - point mutation - by subtitution, which corresponds to missense mutation.
<u>Normal hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT GAG GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu Lys Ser
<u>Sickle cell hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT <em>GTG</em> GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro <em>Val</em> Glu Lys Ser
When GAG is transcribed to mRNA, the CUC codon is obtained, which codes for glutamic acid. Thymine substitution causes the DNA sequence to change to GTG, which is transcribed as CAC, the codon that encodes the amino acid valine. The <u>change from glutamic acid to valine in β-globin causes an altered hemoglobin, giving the abnormal erythrocytes observed in sickle cell disease</u>.
Yes it will affect the ph level
Answer: d). UAG
Explanation: During translation, DNA sequence is first of all copied into an mRNA in a process known as transcription. This is the first step in protein synthesis. The mRNA is used as a template in protein synthesis. The genetic information encoded in an mRNA are in form of codons. A Codon is a three nucleotide sequence that codes for a specific amino acid. These codons are recognized by anticodons in a tRNA molecule. An anticodon is a three-base sequence on the tRNA through which tRNA base pair with mRNA.
From the DNA sequence above, 3'TAG will first be transcribed into an mRNA sequence AUC, then the anticodon on the tRNA will be UAG. The mRNA codon-tRNA anticodon base pairing follows the Watson and Crick base pairing in which Adenine pairs with Uracil and Cytosine pairs with Guanine.
Answer:
Protists were traditionally subdivided into several groups based on their physical similarities to the "higher" kingdoms of Animals, Plants, and Fungi. For example, the unicellular, “animal-like” protozoa, the “plant-like” algae, and the “fungus-like” slime molds and water molds are all protists.
Answer:
1. primary cause of human-created carbon emissions = burning fossil fuels
2. destroys natural carbon sinks leading to more carbon dioxide in the air = deforestation
3. emits methane from decomposing matter = waste disposal in landfills
Explanation:
1. "Fossil fuels" are <em>nonrenewable resources</em> that are considered essential for the operation of many factories and industries. <em>Burning them accounts for most of the carbon emissions on Earth</em>, and this leads to<em> "global warming."</em>
2. "Forests" are considered "carbon sinks" because they have a role of <u><em>absorbing the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere</em></u>. Cutting down the trees (deforestation) makes forests barren. It then leads to more carbon dioxide in the air.
3.<em> Waste disposals in landfills contribute to the amount of methane that is released into the atmosphere.</em> Methane is considered a <em><u>potent greenhouse gas</u></em> that affects people's health.
