Answer: the policy or practice of more open consultative government and wider dissemination of information, initiated by leader Mikhail Gorbachev from 1985.
Explanation: In the Russian language the word glasnost has several general and specific meanings. It has been used in Russian to mean "openness and transparency" since at least the end of the eighteenth century. In the Russian Empire of the late-19th century, the term was particularly associated with reforms of the judicial system, ensuring that the press and the public could attend court hearings and that the sentence was read out in public. In the mid-1980s, it was popularised by Mikhail Gorbachev as a political slogan for increased government transparency in the Soviet Union. For centuries", human rights activist Lyudmila Alexeyeva has explained, the word glasnost has been in the Russian language: "It was in the dictionaries and lawbooks as long as there had been dictionaries and lawbooks. It was an ordinary, hardworking, non-descript word that was used to refer to a process, any process of justice or governance, being conducted in the open."[2] In the mid-1960s, however, as Alexeyeva recounts, it acquired a new and topical importance.
Answer:
The frustration-aggression hypothesis
Explanation:
The frustration-aggression hypothesis is a psychological social theory. It explains the origin of aggression from frustration. This hypothesis is used in scapegoat and hate crime. The frustration occurs when the source of the economy gets down. This hypothesis was developed by John Dollar ed at Yale University.
The aggression is always projected on small groups of people which is called the scapegoat. Frustration always leads to aggression in a person. Thus here in the above context when Sam interrupted Paul several times he got frustrated. At last, he turns his frustration into aggression. When Sam enters the room he threatens him for punching on his face and will beat him hard. This is the example of frustration-aggression theory.
