Fraternal twins are not genetically identical because one chromosome from each pair randomly passes during meiosis and leads to differences between the siblings. Meiosis involves independent segregation of sex chromosomes.
Meiosis is a type of reductional cell division by which a parent cell produces four daughter (gametes) cells having half the genetic material.
Fraternal twins occur when two egg cells are released by the mother, which are fertilized by a different sperm.
During meiosis, sex chromosomes are separated and segregate in a random manner in daughter (sex) cells.
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Opportunistic pathogens may be defined as the pathogens that are normally not able to cause infection but when get an advantage they multiply in number and can cause disease.
The normal flora of the skin can become opportunistic pathogens as they get the advantage by change in the skin environment. The damage to the sin and their excess multiplication and in case of weak immune system the normal skin flora become the opportunistic pathogen.
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A football field would be best measured in feet, yards, or meters.
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It was used by Hubble to measure velocities of galaxies