Nehru prioritized democracy and industries as his pillars of economic development. many independent countries at the time prioritized the difference, which is agriculture and stability over the ideals of democracy. within a few years of his reign, India had risen to become the world largest democracy and one of the fast developing economies.
The cause for the scandal was the discovery of bribery in the cabinet and the government regarding oil trade. One effect was that it proved that cabinet members are not all powerful and can be arrested and indicted just like anyone. Another effect was the Supreme Court's ruling in McGrain v. Daugherty which explicitly established that Congress had the power to compel testimony. A third effect was that the government was given back the oil fields that were leased and they stayed in US ownership until 2015 when it was legally sold.
The Mongols were a nomadic tribe to the north of China. They shared the mountainous areas between China and Siberia with many other such tribes, many of them Turkic.
Probably rivers and water sources, because you need water to farm, and the water by rivers is rich and the soil is good. So yea the rivers and other water sources would be the main thing.
