The Non-cooperation movement (1920-1922) started after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, by the Congress under Gandhi's guidance. The purpose of this movement was to protest in opposition to the repressive policies of the British and to achieve self-government. The Non-cooperation movement was successful and was only in its final phases when the Chauri Chaura episode happened, where 22 policemen were killed after peasants attacked and burnt the police station. This event disgusted Gandhi as he was against violence with no exceptions.
The two groups into which the Congress divided after the Non-cooperation movement were the <em>pro-changers </em>and the <em>no-changers</em>.
The <em>pro-changers</em> group wanted to terminate the prohibition of elections to Legislative Councils. They felt that the conformation of the system was only possible by competing elections and gaining access to the legislature. It had leaders like Motial Nehru, Vithalbhai Patel and C R Das.
The <em>no-changers</em> group initiated a new party with the same Swaraj Party, in order to work as a group inside the Congress. They entered the legislature through elections and made it inconvenient and hard for the British to get their policies passed. Its leaders were Rajendra Prasad, C Rajagopalachari, and Vallabhbhai Patel.
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Mainly they mostly died of starvation, sickness, and infection also I believe the weather was very cold so it could of as well been Hypothermia
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Hopes this helps
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AFRICAN
Explanation:
EXERPT FROM ANTEBELLUM MISSISSIPPI---CHAPTER 5
<u>Religion among the Slaves</u>
Next to the family, religion was the most important feature of slave life in the quarters. A deep faith and hope of deliverance sustained the slaves during their long years of bondage. On most plantations, slaves went to church with the white people. Then, after formal services in the white church, slaves usually conducted their own religious ceremonies called praise meetings. Those activities took place in the quarters and were attended only by the slaves.
In the praise meetings, slaves were free to express their innermost feelings through their songs, chants, spirituals, and dances—many of which were <u>African in origin.</u> Slaves were unrestrained at those times. They often acted out their deepest anxieties, frustrations, and anger in tribal dances, accompanied by the rhythmic chanting and clapping of other slaves. These ceremonies were an escape for slaves and enabled them to “let off steam” that might otherwise have been expressed in some form of violence. These religious activities also enabled slaves to preserve some of the cultural features of their African heritage.
I believe it is E. MacArthur.
