It is called the exclave.
I think the one that caused by pressure from a large-scale geological event is : A. Regional
Regional metamorphism covers a large area of continental crust including several mountain ranges and tectonic plates
hope this helps
When a culture has a language/(s), the main language may have a dialect- which is when a few words or phrases do not sound the same as the original language, but nevertheless is identified as that languge. Eg. The german language has a dialect called schwerig- which sound almost the same but a few words and phrases are different