The total magnification of a specimen viewed under a compound microscope is determined by the following:
Total magnification = (ocular lens magnification) X (objective lens magnification).
Answers:
a) carcinogenic
b) anti-carcinogenic
c) carcinogenic
d) carcinogenic
e) carcinogenic
f) anti-carcinogenic
g) anti-carcinogenic
h) anti-carcinogenic
Explanation:
Cyclins are proteins that regulate the progression through the cell cycle, i.e., the transition of G1 to S phase. It is well known that high cyclin expression may lead to cell proliferation states, which is closely associated with cancer progression. Moreover, the blockage of cyclins may have an anti-carcinogenic effect by inhibiting the progression through the cell cycle. MAP kinases are serine/threonine kinases that regulate the progression through the cell cycle by phosphorylating a variety of substrates during cell proliferation. In consequence, phosphatases that inactivate MAPK kinases (i.e., by dephosphorylation) may have an anticarcinogenic effect. The p53 is a tumor suppressor protein involved in diverse cellular processes including DNA repair, cycle arrest and programmed cell death. This protein (p53) is activated by phosphorylation at target residues and phosphatases inactivate it, thereby the blockage of its degradation may have an anticarcinogenic effect. Oncogene activation (i.e., the expression of oncogenes), may alter diverse cellular processes including DNA replication, and thereby may lead to cancer development. The G-protein α subunit is a GTPase that hydrolyses GTP and thus has a major role in controlling the kinetics of the G-protein signaling cascade. Platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR) are kinase receptors that play roles in regulating cellular differentiation, cell proliferation and cell growth. PDGFR receptors are present on the surface of normal cells, however, it has been shown that mutations of the PDGFR genes that lead to their high expression lead to uncontrolled cell growth and consequently cause cancer (i.e., by increasing PDGF signaling).
Answer:
The scientific investigation is the systematic approach of the scientists to answer the questions about the world. It is applied almost all of the theories including the Theory of Natural Selection. Darwin's theory of evolution is a result of scientific investigation. In this theory, they investigate by observing the distribution of species.
Answer:
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Explanation:
This is ur answer.....
<h3><em>This is because most regions have rock layers other than limestone, the soil is too thin.......</em></h3>
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The correct ordering of the steps in scientific research is given below:
- Research question
- Hypothesis
- Background research
- Controlled experiment
- Data collection
- Data analysis
- Conclusion
<h3>What are the steps in scientific research?</h3>
The steps in scientific research refer to the steps or procedures that are followed by scientists in making scientific discoveries that explain observed phenomena.
The steps in scientific research are as follows:
- Research question - this is the question that a scientist seeks to answer based on his/her observations
- Hypothesis - statements made by scientists to explain their observations
- Background research - research is done to find support for or against the hypothesis.
- Controlled experiment - tests carried out to disprove or prove the hypothesis
- Data collection
- Data analysis
- Conclusion
Learn more about scientific research at: brainly.com/question/17216882
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