Psychologists generally define forgiveness as a conscious, deliberate decision to release feelings of resentment or vengeance toward a person or group who has harmed you, regardless of whether they actually deserve your forgiveness. ... Forgiveness does not mean forgetting, nor does it mean condoning or excusing offenses.
All of your answers are correct.
I think D; Loyal to his people and their cause.
I would capitalize the proper nouns such as names like mom dad...
I would assume The Enlightenment since it led to many new modern forms of literature.